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Ribes missouriense
''Ribes missouriense'', the Missouri gooseberry, Missouri currant or wild gooseberry, is a prickly, many-stemmed shrub native to the north-central United States (Great Lakes, upper Mississippi and lower Missouri Valleys). Scattered populations have been found farther east, most of them very likely escapes from cultivation.〔〔(Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map )〕〔(Flora of North America ''Ribes missouriense'' Nuttall 1840. Wild gooseberry, groseillier de Missouri )〕
The Missouri gooseberry was once common as far east as Ohio, but was nearly extirpated there during the 19th and 20th centuries (partly due to early 20th-century efforts to prevent the spread of white pine blister rust by removing as many ''Ribes'' hosts as possible). Since 1982, however, the Missouri gooseberry has been granted protected status as an endangered species in Ohio,〔〔Ohio Department of Natural Resources〕 It is also endangered in New Jersey and Pennsylvania.〔
The edible berries of the shrub are commonly called "gooseberries" by locals, but since it is taxonomically closer to currants than to the European gooseberry, they are sometimes called "currants" when grown outside their historic range.
Missouri gooseberries must not be confused with "devil's tomatoes", the poisonous fruits of the Carolina horsenettle. Although it is easy for an experienced person to differentiate one from the other, they have a few superficial similarities: they look somewhat similar when unripe, and both are borne on thorny, prickly plants. There is no close taxonomic relation between them, however.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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